The combination of surface treatment of the fiber posts and the use of a suitable adhesive cementing system is sought to ensure the formation of a durable and impermeable monoblock post/cement/root dentin. This in vitro study investigate influence of different, simple surface treatments on fiber posts luted with dual-cured and self-adhesive cements.100 single-rooted extracted teeth, which underwent endodontic treatment after cross-cutting of the teeth 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction were used. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups(x20), depending on surface treatment of the fiber posts: NH with and without silane; H2O2 with and without silane; control group.2 subgroups were formed for each group(x10), depending on composite cements used: 6-th generation adhesive + dual-polymerizing cement (Nexus NX3);Self-adhesive cement (Maxcem Elite). After bonding of the posts, specimens were dyed in a methylene blue. They were cut longitudinally and the level of micropermeability was measured. In all main groups micropermeability was observed. There was a statistically significant difference recorded between the control group and all other groups (??0.05). The lowest micropermeability was detected in the main group where surface treatment with H2O2 and silane was applied. In the analysis of the subgroups a significant higher level of micropermeability (??0.05) in the self-adhesive cement was found. In conclusion the treatment of the fiber posts with hydrogen peroxide makes the post surface more retentive, dissolving the epoxy matrix without damaging glass fibers.When cementing fiber posts, it is more appropriate to use dual - curing cements combined with generation 6-th adhesive systems.

The present study was designed to explore the floristic composition and ecological characteristics of the plant resources of Gokand Valley Distric Buner during 2018-2019. The exploration revealed a total of 344 vascular plant species belonging to 106 families. These include 12 species of Pteridophytes, 3 gymnosperms and 329 Angiosperms. The dicotyledons were represented by 81 families with 283 species while monocotyledons by 15 families and 46 species. Based on the number of species Poaceae (25 species) was the leading family followed by Asteraceae (24 species), Lamiaceae (19 species), Papilionaceae and Rosaceae (15 species each), Brassicaceae (13 species), Amaranthaceae (11 species), Solanaceae (10 species), Polygonaceae and Plantaginaceae (8 species each), Moraceae (7 species), Cucurbitaceae and Euphorbiaceae, (6 species each), Apiaceae, Malvaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae, Urticaceae (5 species each) were the major families. Remaining families either included 4 or less than 4 species. There were 224 (65.11%) species of herbs, 58 (16.86%) species of trees and 46 (13.37%) species of shrubs while climbers (4.65%) shared 16 species (Table 1.4). Life form spectrum reflected that Therophytes with (146 species) were the dominant class followed by Megaphanerophyte (56 species), Nanophanerophyte (56 species), Geophyte (36 species), Hemicryptophyte (25 species), Chamaephyte (16 species) and Microphanerophyte (6 species) respectively. Leaf size spectrum were leading by Microphyll (146 species), Nanophyll (91 species), Mesophyll (59 species), Leptophyll (29 species) and Macrophyll (12 species) respectively. Psilotum nudum, Cuscuta reflexa, Equisetum arvense and Opuntia dilleni were aphyllous species. This exploration is a part of an ongoing project in which we will explore new plant species for future studies.