In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data of the trenching depth of the trenching fertilizer applicator, the reasons for the error of the measurement data are analyzed, and a comprehensive noise reduction filtering algorithm combining wavelet noise reduction and Kalman filtering is proposed to modify the trench depth data. Through the experiment, the depth of the trench is measured at three levels of 25cm, 30cm and 35cm. The measured value has large fluctuations, low accuracy and the measured value is less than the actual value. In order to solve the above problems, the paper first adopts wavelet noise reduction to perform noise reduction preprocessing on the measured data, and uses the denoised and reconstructed signal as the input value of the Kalman filter algorithm to achieve the denoising and filtering of the trench depth data . The results show that the wavelet noise reduction preprocessing combined with the Kalman filter algorithm has a good correction effect on the trench depth data. The mean deviation of the data is reduced from 1.289, 2.753, 3.892 to 0.435, 0.919, 1.300, and the variance is reduced from 0.3553, 0.6729, 4.2423 to 0.0189 , 0.0352, 0.4113, the standard deviation is reduced from 0.5904, 0.8125, 2.0401 to 0.1362, 0.1858, 0.6353. Compared with the Kalman filter algorithm, the average difference of the processed data is -0.005, 0.001, 0.01, and the variance is reduced by 0.0207, 0.0398, 0.0613 , The standard deviation decreased by 0.0609, 0.0854, 0.0457. This algorithm can better improve the accuracy of data, effectively remove the noise interference in the original data, and improve the quality of data processing.

This paper is focused on the study of the pilot zone of the Algerian steppe (Zahrez el Gharbi) wilaya of Djelfa. It is about a region where the pastoral activity constitutes, the basis of the social organization and the main economic resource. Today, facing the social disorganization, and the pressure put on this ecosystem that accelerates the desertification and the erosion phenomena, which intensifies the degradation of these lands that threatens the pastoral activities. Based on this concern that we elaborated a methodological approach aiming to characterize the current ecological situation, using effective tools such as remote sensing and SIG. A map of soil occupation containing the characterization of different courses of the zone has been achieved using the Landsat imagery. The results obtained including essential data to the problematic of the study were integrated in a database with the purpose of handling rational management tools to the decision makers and the specialist’s in the fodder resources.

The aim of the present study was to prepare a complete floristic checklist of previously unexplored Daudzai area of District Peshawar, Pakistan. For this purpose, extensive floristic surveys were conducted from February 2019 to April 2020. A total of 564 vascular species of 118 families were recorded. Pteridophytes were represented by 6 species belonging to 6 families. Gymnosperms were represented by four families having 6 species. Monocotyledons were represented by 133 species distributed in 22 families. Dicotyledons were having 419 species belonging to 86 families. Poaceae was the leading family having 59 species followed by Asteraceae with 51 species. Among the toltal 564 species 199 species were cultivated, 355 species were growing wild, while 10 species were present in both wild and cultivated status. Herbs were dominant with 399 species followed by shrub with 78 species, trees with 72 species and climber with 15 species. Based on their presence in different seasons, 431 plant species were present in spring, 393 species in summer, 252 species were present in autumn and 218 species were present in winter. The life form spectra showed that therophytes were dominant with 260 species, followed by nanophanerophytes with 81 species. According to leaf size spectra microphyll were dominant in the area having 270 species followed by nanophylls with 128 species. During the present study two species i.e., Melochia corchorifolia L. and Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) Sweet were reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.