In this paper, we focus on critical event monitoring in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where only a small number of packets need to be transmitted most of the time. When a critical event occurs, an alarm message should be broadcast to the entire network as soon as possible. To prolong the network lifetime, some snooze setting up methods are always employed in WSNs, resulting in significant broadcasting delay, especially in large scale WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel snooze setting up method to reduce the delay of alarm broadcasting from any sensor node in WSNs. Specifically, we design two determined traffic paths for the transmission of alarm message, and level-by-level offset based wake-up pattern according to the paths, respectively. When a critical event occurs, an alarm is quickly transmitted along one of the traffic paths to a centre node, and then it is immediately broadcast by the centre node along another path without collision and its energy consumption is ultra low.

Introduction: Spinal cord injuries are typically associated with major trauma from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, and violence. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is one of the most frequent conditions seen in spinal cord injuries patients. Diagnosis is not always easy due to lack of symptoms. Present study is survey about urinary tract infection and pyuria in these patients. Methods: All of patients with spinal cord injuries, who admitted to “Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Centre” in Imam Hospital in duration one year, were included in this study. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected of patients and were analysed by biochemical and microscopically surveys. Results: In total 103 patients, 22 patients have cervical spinal cord injury, 52 patients have thoracic spinal cord injury and 13 patients have lumbar spinal cord injury. 83 patients were urine culture positive with urinary tract infection and pyuria were seen in 65 patients. the highest incidence of UTI and pyuria were demonstrated in patients with cervical spinal cord damage. E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniea and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated respectively. The high incidence of resistancy to Nitrofurantoin and Imipenem in E.coli were seen. Conclusion: Patients with spinal cord injuries have to use catheter for long time and or for all of life, and they are high risk to recurrent urinary tract infections and other infections. These patients need to monitor for urinary tract infection although without any symptoms of infections and sometimes they need to take prophylactic antibiotics.

Lolium rigidum Gaudin. and L. prenne L. species, which are from poaceae category are two forage species of high importance in terms of palatability and production. In this investigation, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was performed, 4, 6, 8 weeks and seeds at 22° C was used as control. Subsequently, parameters such as germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), germination value (GV) and germination index (GI) of Lolium rigidum Gaudin. and L. prenne L. were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of cold treatment was significant (p≤0.01) on GP, GV, GI and GR of two species. In general, it can be concluded that cold treatment in the positive way to improve the performance and to increase the seed germination of Lolium rigidum Gaudin. and L. prenne L.

To evaluate the effect of salt stress and salicylic acid application on growth and physiological traits of maize varieties, an experiment was conducted in factorial split plot based on RCBD design with 3 replications during 2024-25. Salt stress factor including three levels (control, 50mM and 100mM NaCl) and acid salicylic (control, 1mM and 2mM). Results from the experiment showed that, between different salinity in plant height, chlorophyll a, leaf area index and proline were significantly different. Effect of salicylic except for chlorophyll a was not significant for all traits. With the increase of salt in the soil, plant height was significantly reduced. Minimum plant height in the third of salinity with 111 cm was obtained that with the dose of 50 mM had no significant difference. Leaf relative water content decreased with increasing salt, but this decrease was not significant. Between of salinity 50 to 100 mM, a significant difference was not found. But the least amount of chlorophyll a in 100 mM of salinity with 0.2001 mg chlorophyll per g fresh weight of leaves was obtained. Leaf area decreased with increasing salinity. Highest proline with 1.351 mmol g fresh weight of leaves was obtained in normal conditions. Between chlorophyll a with chlorophyll b, significant positive correlation was obtained. But with proline a non-significant negative correlation was found. Between leaf area index with leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was seen a significant positive correlation

Entrepreneurship has turned to a desirable social conduct during the last 20 years so that today the aim of many countries is planning for developing it as a social change. Encouraging entrepreneurship is the main problem of policy makers due to two reasons and “economic effect” is idea of entrepreneurs as factors of growth and prosperity changes. A large part of investigations conducted on entrepreneurship is for factor of personality characteristics and the needs of entrepreneurs. It is important to note that these characteristics can be learnt and trained like other entrepreneurship conducts such as way of creating job and business. So as Peter Drucker argues entrepreneurship is a conduct and based on theory not on inspiration. Few studies have been conducted on relation of type of peoples` needs and their entrepreneurship conducts, but according to this limitation in the current research changes and identification of type of personnel` needs and managers of production industries section were dealt based on theory of Maslow and level of entrepreneurship of each person was argued based on their type of needs. In this study it was specified that there is a meaningful relationship between needs of success, growth, livelihood, security, motivation and self-confidence on level of entrepreneurship of personnel.

A study was conducted at the University of the Free State to determine the effect of potassium (K) levels (1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 mmol K/l) and potting-bag size (5 and 10 l) on the yield and oil composition of rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). Plants were grown under a climate controlled plant-house and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design assigned in a split plot layout. Potassium concentrations were allocated to the main plots and potting-bag size to the subplots replicated three times. Plant height, K tissue content, linalool, geraniol, geranyl formate and citronellol: geraniol ratio were the only parameters affected by the K application. Plant height, number of branches, branch: height ratio, foliage mass and oil yield were affected by the potting-bags size. Plant foliar mass was significantly increased by the interaction between K and potting bag. It is advisable to grow rose geranium in a 5 l potting bag using a nutrient solution that has 5.3 mmol K/l.

Simultaneous effects of mass and heat transfer on peristaltic motion of an incompressible hydro magnetic fluid in a channel having complaint walls is studied under the assumptions of small wavelength. Expressions for temperature profile, mass concentration and heat transfer coefficient are obtained. The effects of different parameters entering into the problem are explained graphically. It is found that mass concentration decreases in accordance with increases the value of Burger’s fluid parameter and for molecular diffusivity will also produce decrement in mass concentration field. Another interesting observation is that the behaviour of net flow rate is stronger in Burger model than the Oldroyd [20].

This study aims to determine the firm’s level factors which have significantly influence the risk management practices of Islamic banks in Pakistan. For this purpose, the current study selects credit, operational and liquidity risks as dependent variables while size, leverage, N PLs ratio, capital adequacy and asset management are utilize as explanatory variable for the period of six years from 2006 to 2011. The results indicate that size of Islamic banks have a positive and statistically significant relationship with financial risks (credit and liquidity risk), whereas its relation with operational risk is found to be negative and insignificant. The asset management establishes a positive and significant relationship with liquidity and operational risk. The debt equity ratio and N PLs ratio have a negative and significant relationship with liquidity and operational risk. In addition, capital adequacy has negative and significant relationship with credit and operational risk, whereas it is found to be positive and with liquidity risk.

The main objective of this study is to give the insight of describing mixing accounting ratios and macroeconomic variables as the risk factors. The results indicate a significant relationship between book to market ratio, financial leverage and size factors and expected stock returns in the Iranian market. In consistent with the other studies, finally, we came to the conclusion that the term structure of interest rate is the only macroeconomic variable that has been significant in the model if size and book to market ratio are also existed in the model.

This paper explains the experiences of Petro Development Company. At first it was tried to prepare a flexible program and an accurate scheduling. Top management support for transmitting to a new system was vital form beginning. Although there was no prepared and tested solution to meet the needs of organization, the ability to recognize the related soft ware’s and make them integrated was accessible by means of developing and improving company Intranet and internal data base. Scheduling projects is more accurate, therefore the management is able to determine the long-term strategy. These improvements and developments have increased the competitive capability of the company.

This study aim to investigate the efficiency of health-treatment centres in 2025 through data collection forms in order to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. In order to evaluate and ranking the centres, data and outcomes as criteria for measuring the efficiency and non-efficiency using data envelopment analysis (DEA) were used and DEA SOLVER software. By solving the different models of relative and full efficiency, the centres were ranked and by using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient it was shown that to what extent these models are similar. Results indicate that health-treatment centres in order to be efficient should increase the customers ‘satisfaction through providing service, information and education.