Mushrooms play an important role in human daily diet, and are considered as a prolific source of bioactive metabolites for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. A study on chemical composition (nutritional value, phenolic, sugar and fatty acid compounds, aromatic components), and antioxidant properties (scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) of Calvatia gigantea were investigated. This mushroom involves phenolic compounds and sugars, and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (67.93%), proteins (34.37%), and carbohydrates (51.97%). Gentisic acid (23.26 µgg-1) as phenolic compound, trehalose (9.78 g/100g) as sugar, hexanal (34.71%) as aromatic volatile compound were the most abundant components. This mushroom species has the potential to become into functional food, food supplementary product and nutraceuticals as a source of natural healthy product.

A trial was carried out to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (SNP) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; ISe) as inorganic selenium on quality and quantity of carcass of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of broilers age. A total of 240 one-day mail broiler (Ross-308) were distributed in a factorial including four treatment groups 60 birds, four replicates and 15 birds in each pen. Experimental diets were: T1) 25 mg SNP+0.2 ISe; T2) 25 mg SNP+0.4 ISe; T3) 50 mg SNP+0.2 ISe and T4) 50 mg SNP + 0.4 ISe. Birds were accessed to feed and water as ad libitum throughout study. On d 21 and 42, four birds (one bird per replicate) with closest weight to mean treatment selected and then slaughtered. Results revealed that different carcass cut such as carcass weight, wings, breast and thigh weight were higher in birds fed control diet compared with other treatment (P<0.05). The value CP, EE, Ca, P and DM of breast and thigh dry matter, in the breast and thigh muscle of control birds were higher than other groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, results of current study suggested that none of combination levels of SNP and ISe had not improved quality carcass and quantity traits of broiler chickens.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is hypothesed that DNA damage plays a role in vascular disease and stimulates atherosclerotic plaque formation. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of enzymes known to play an important role in the detoxification of several endogenous and exogenous toxic and carcinogenic substances. The association of GSTP1 gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) among smokers is controversial. In addition, no such investigation has previously been conducted among Turkish population. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between genetic variability in GSTP1 and susceptibility to CAD. \nThe study includes 194 patients with CAD and 248 controls. The GSTP1 polymorphisms were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction with a Light-Cycler Instrument. The presence of valine alleles compared to isoleucine alleles in codon 105 in GSTP1 was not increased the risk of CAD development. Our results suggest that there is no role of glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genes in CAD susceptibility in the study population.

In the European Union, the information concerning agricultural and forest lands has great importance, representing an instrument for the enforcement of specific policies, mainly for agriculture and environment. The design and commissioning of a series of modern cadastre and land registration systems were added to the governmental agenda of several countries in the European Union, Romania included. The paper presents the main land registration systems in the European Union, as well as issues concerning the regulation of land registration in the land book, in EU member states.

The final quarter of the year 2011, wide space flooding in Thailand was heavily affected to ecosystem in rivers. This research aims to compare water quality and benthic fauna diversity of the upper Chao Phraya River and the lower Ping and Nan Rivers in Nakhon Sawan Province between before and after the flood. The parameters including water temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, DO, BOD5, NO3--N, NH3-N, PO43-,coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria were measured. In the aftermath of flood situation, the results indicate that water quality of rivers after the flood is lower than before the flood but both of them not lower than the surface water quality standard. Comparison of the benthic fauna diversity in rivers shows the significantly change as a result from the flood. Data collect after the flood shows the decreasing of the diversity and the evenness of benthic fauna in sites affected by flooding.

A total sample of 620 students of both sexes (male = 295; female = 325) was collected from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan during the year 2011-12. Out of 620 students, 150 had myopia (male = 85; female = 65). The effect of sex, age, breeding pattern, income and family size was studied on the prevalence of myopia. On the basis of present age the data was divided into six groups groups. The data was divided into five groups on account of age at myopia onset. The sample was categorized in two breeding pattern groups, inbreeding and out-breeding. All subjects were placed in three income groups namely low, middle and high-income groups on the basis of income per individual. The data was divided in five groups with different family size. \nThe overall prevalence of myopia was 24.19%. The prevalence of myopia was non-significantly higher (P > 0.05) in the male (28.8%) as compared to female (20%). It was observed that myopia was more prevalent in age group 21 (37.33%) and less prevalent in age group 18 (2.67%). The highest incidence of myopia was observed in age group  15 (36.67) and lowest in age group  25 (1.33%). The myopia was found to be non-significantly higher (P > 0.05) in inbreeding group (56.67%) when compared with out-breeding group (43.33%). Myopia was more prevalent in low-income group (79.33%) and less prevalent in high-income group (4%). Myopia was more prevalent in family size group of  8 (36%) and less prevalent in family size group  4 (5.33%).

The objective of this study is the resolution of a combinatorial optimization problem. This problem is the Hybrid Flow Shop (HFS) scheduling. This resolution is made by using the artificial immune algorithm sequential and parallel. We proposed an implementation of the parallel algorithm with migration. The basic idea of this method is that the initial population is divided into a number of subpopulations, multiple threads are launched and everyone is running the sequential algorithm. From time to time, individuals are exchanged between the different subpopulations (migration). An experimental study is made to show the influence of different parameters. These parameters are the choice of replacement strategy, the number of subpopulations and migration frequency. A comparison between sequential and parallel version is provided. The results of this comparison confirmed that the parallel model improves the solutions obtained in terms of quality.