In this study we aim to evaluate the relationship between criminal behavior and socio-demographic characteristics of a series of child sexual offenders.The records of social worker interviews with 48 child sexual offenders between 2009 and 2013 were used. \nAll of cases were male and their ages ranged between 12 and 17 years. Five cases were living in social service facilities. Only two cases were incest. Of all, three offenders were accused with repeated sexual crimes. Type of sexual assault was anal penetration in 20 (41.7%) cases. Out of all cases, 19 were cigarette smoker, while 4 were drug abuser. The families of 12 (25%) cases suffered from low socio-economic status, while 23 (47.9%) offenders were member broken families. \n In conclusion, obtained results suggest that male children of broken and scattered families, particularly those lacking father’s supervision and children with interrupted education were more likely to commit a sexual crime.

Abstract\nNanofabrication techniques for achieving dimensional control at the nano-meter scale are generally equipment-intensive and time-consuming. The use of energetic beams of electrons or ions has placed the fabrication of nanopore in thin solid- state membranes within reach of some academic laboratories, yet these tools are not accessible to many researchers and are poorly suited for mass-production. Here we describe a fast and simple approach for fabricating a single nanopore down to 2-nm in size with sub-nm precision, directly in solution, by controlling dielectric breakdown at the nanoscale. The method relies on applying a voltage across an insulating membrane to generate a high electric field, while monitoring the induced leakage current. We show that nanopore fabricated by this method produce clear electrical signals from trans-locating DNA molecules. Considering the tremendous reduction in complexity and cost, we envision this fabrication strategy would not only benefit researchers from the physical and life sciences interested in gaining reliable access to solid-state nanopore, but may provide a path towards manufacturing of nanopore-based biotechnologies.

Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been used primarily for therapeutic interventions. Precut sphincterotomy is a technique that is used after conventional methods of biliary cannulation have failed. We aimed to examine if the precut technique increases the frequency of complications.\nMaterial and Method: Two hundred fifteen patients, on whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed, were prospectively evaluated. One hundred eighty-five patients included in the study were divided into three groups based on the cannulation techniques: group 1: deep biliary cannulation or cannulation by guide wire; group 2: precut technique; group 3: If cannulation was not possible with these two techniques within 10 minutes, a precut with needle-knife sphincterotomy was carried out and these patients were included group 3. Complete blood count, blood serum amylase, and lipase levels were checked before and 12-24 hours after the procedure. The patients were monitored for 30 days for the development of any complications.\nResults: Complications were observed in 26 (14%) of 185 patients included in the study. The complications included pancreatitis in 18 (9.7%) patients, cholangitis in six (3.2%) patients, and hemorrhage in two (1.1%) patients. The frequency of complications was 9.2% (7 of 76 patients) in group 1, 9.3% (7 of 75 patients) in group 2, and 35.3% (12 of 34 patients) in group 3, respectively (p<0.05). When a multivariate analysis was applied, two parameters, the difficulty of cannulation (odds ratio: 3.108) and opaque injection into pancreatic duct (odds ratio: 3.220), were correlated with elevated complication rates.\nConclusion: Difficult cannulation and opaque injection into the pancreas are risk factors for complications after ERCP, while the precut technique is safe. Therefore, it is recommended to prefer precut method earlier, instead of insisting on conventional techniques to avoid the risk of complications.

In this paper, a new PHY structure achieving more accurate ranging as well as high data rates by transmitting a ranging pulse and data pulses simultaneously is proposed and its performance is evaluated over various channel models. Compared with original IEEE 802.15.4a standard structure where ranging tasks are only planned for the preamble, the ranging pulse is arranged in the guard interval position of the first symbol for PHY field. In other words, two ranging terms are considered for each 802.15.4a packet structure which enables users to get a higher accuracy performance. Data pulses are arranged in the guard interval position from the second symbol of each frame for achieving high data rates. By exploiting the orthonormality between the modified Hermite polynomial (MHP) pulses, inter pulse interference (IPI) between pulses can be mitigated at the receiver. The performance of the ranging scheme is evaluated by using time of arrival (TOA) estimation technique. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) and matrix pencil (MP) algorithms are used to estimate time delay of a signal over the IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. Simulation results show that the proposed symbol structure enables very accurate localization capability as well as good BER performance at the receiver.

Abstract \nFamily religious expenditures in Iran have been examined in this article. Regarding recent information in two last decades, function of religious expenditures has been modified and estimated model shows that an increase of 1% in prices index in Iran decreases average expenditures of religious activities of families to 1.54% and 1% increase of total family expenditures lead to reduction of religious activities average expenditures of families to 76% and 1% increase of family income causes 0.078% increase in religious activities average expenditures of families.1% increase in family number causes 1.66% increase in average expenditures of religious activities. Average expenditures of religious activities in last period is influential in average expenditures of families\' religious activities in future.

The current research attempts to study the effect of oral glucose and fructose on the Ghrelin, visfatin, insulin, and plasma glucose after one session of aerobic exercise. 24 voluntary non-athletic men who were university students were randomly divided into three groups of Control (8 people), fructose (8 people) and glucose groups (8 people). They were asked to run one mile in three times with three-minute active rest each time. The blood samples were collected 30 minutes before, immediately after the exercise, and 90 minutes after receiving the sugar soluble (1.5 grams of sugar per each kilogram of weight). The data were collected through the use of continuous analysis variance test. In case there was any within-group difference observed from the LSD test, it should have been corrected by Bonferroni correction and for inter-group differences, a one-way ANOVA test was used and the significance was accepted at the level of P≤ 0.05. Using glucose and fructose immediately after one session of aerobic exercise does not have a significant effect on the ghrelin, visfatin and plasma glucose, but immediately using glucose and fructose has a significant effect on the plasma insulin. Receiving sugar soluble immediately after the aerobic exercises could not affect the regulation of ghrelin and visfatin; nonetheless, possibly the changes of plasma insulin in response to the received glucose and fructose could be to some extent a responder to controlling mechanism of ghrelin and visfatin.

The inclusion of steel fibers in high strength concrete bridges the cracks and controls their propagation. The adequate bond is necessary for composite action of steel reinforcement and adjoining fiber reinforced concrete As the strength of the concrete increases its brittleness also increases, however addition of steel fibers increases the peak load slip of the reinforcing steel in high strength concrete and prevents the sudden bond failure. There was a need to study the affect of increase in compressive strength of fiber reinforced high strength concrete, on peak load slip of the steel reinforcing bars in high strength concrete. Experimental study was done to determine this effect for short embedded lengths in steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete. In this study the complete experimentation was done first for 3.5db, 4.0db and finally for 4.5db embedded lengths. The c/db ratio was kept constant. The results of this experimentation confirmed that by increasing the compressive strength from 40.0 MPa to 60.0 MPa, the peak load slip of deformed steel bar in fiber reinforced high strength concrete increased from 15% to 76%. The slip increases, due to the bridging action of steel fibers, propagating cracks are controlled and bond peak load increases. Moreover, the crushing of concrete in front of steel bar ribs, takes place at high bond stress. The distribution of bond strength over the short embedded length remains uniform. The results of this study may have a direct impact on development and splice length provisions of high strength fiber reinforced concrete

Application of chemical substances induce inflammatory response of non immune and immune origin respectively, which causes the skin to become barrier for penetration of cercariae and influence the migration and survival of Schistosomulae from skin and lungs until reach to the intra hepatic circulation where the recovery of adult worms become decrease.\n Also, the infection of mice each with both Schistosoma mansoni and Toxocara vitulorum, infection induce nonspecific resistance against Schistosoma mansoni that evidence by reduction of the number of adult Schistosoma in portal circulation.